{"id":11416,"date":"2021-10-25T20:49:20","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T18:49:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/wordpress.p646423.webspaceconfig.de\/?page_id=11416"},"modified":"2021-11-01T18:40:36","modified_gmt":"2021-11-01T17:40:36","slug":"the-marks-haindorf-foundation","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.2021jimsl-spurensuche-n.de\/en\/the-marks-haindorf-foundation\/","title":{"rendered":"The Marks-Haindorf Foundation"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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The Marks-Haindorf Foundation<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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On 28 November 1825, the Jewish doctor Alexander Haindorf founded the \u201cVerein zur Bef\u00f6rderung von Handwerken unter den Juden und zur Begr\u00fcndung einer Schulanstalt, worin arme und verwaiste Kinder unterrichten und k\u00fcnftige j\u00fcdische Schullehrer bilden sollen\u201d (Association for the promotion of crafts among Jews and for the foundation of a school in which poor and orphaned children are to be taught and future Jewish school teachers are to be trained).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Amalgamation of Jewish and Christian culture<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Drawing on his own life experience of rejection and discrimination by the Christian majority society, Haindorf pursued the goal of remedying the isolation and educational deficit of the Jews of his time by training capable teachers. Jewish children were to be familiarized with the educational heritage of the Christian surroundings, and the occupational restriction to trade imposed in the Middle Ages was to be overcome by training them as craftspeople. Haindorf writes in the fourth report of the association of 1830:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cIsraelites should not in future be inferior to Christians in the higher culture of mind and heart. – I am not speaking here as a Jew who, blinded by a petty national feeling, would like to give his people a political importance that it has never had and can never have in the association of European states, nor as a reformer, relative and friend who would like to make his Christian confreres lenient and permissive, but as a man who is no less pained to see others suffer guiltlessly than to endure misfortune himself\u201d.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Title page of the 33rd annual report of the Marks-Haindorf Foundation from 1886 (excerpt), with the building that was inaugurated in 1884<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Haindorf, who can be described as an early representative of a liberal Judaism, sought a mutual rapprochement of Jewish and Christian culture, and described this process as \u201camalgamation\u201d in contrast to the one-sided adaptation to the Christian majority society demanded by radical reformers.

The Haindorf seminary quickly established itself as the centre of Jewish teacher training in Westphalia and the Rhine province. The association also provided Jewish boys with training in the trades in order to counteract the stereotypical prejudices against Jewish traders and merchants. Also affiliated with the association was an elementary school, where pupils, regardless of social class and religion, were taught by Jewish and Christian teachers. The co-educational teaching followed methods considered progressive at the time, such as a holistic approach. Sometimes it was even the case that more Christian than Jewish children attended the elementary school.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Title page of the 33rd annual report of the Marks-Haindorf Foundation from 1886 (excerpt), with the building that was inaugurated in 1884<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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The Haindorf seminary quickly established itself as the centre of Jewish teacher training in Westphalia and the Rhine province.<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Current view of the building, 2020<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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When Alexander Haindorf died in 1862, his son-in-law Jakob Loeb took over the running of the association, which he then transformed into a corporate body under public law in 1866 as the Marks-Haindorf Foundation, and was granted corporate rights. The budget of the Prussian Ministry of Culture gave the Foundation an annual state subsidy from 1874 onwards. The foundation stone of a new school building was laid on Haindorf\u2019s 100th birthday in 1884 (see the picture above). When teacher training was reformed in Prussia, the Marks-Haindorf Foundation had to stop training Jewish elementary school teachers in the 1920s. However, the Foundation remained in existence as a Jewish elementary school.

Over the course of a good 100 years, 430 Jewish teachers were trained who carried the ideals of the Marks-Haindorf Foundation into the Jewish schools of Westphalia and, in part, the Rhine province.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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From 1938 on Jewish pupils were excluded from public schools by law.<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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In 1939, the building became a so-called \u201cJudenhaus\u201d (Jew\u2019s house), and housed the last remaining Jews in M\u00fcnster until their deportation, the last on 31 July 1942 to the Theresienstadt extermination camp.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Stolperstein for Rabbi Dr. Julius Voos, the last headmaster of the Marks-Haindorf Foundation\n<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Memorial plaque on the Marks-Haindorf Foundation,
placed next to the entrance in 1986. <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Recommended
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Susanne Freund: J\u00fcdische Bildungsgeschichte zwischen Emanzipation und Ausgrenzung \u2013 das Beispiel der Marks-Haindorf-Stiftung in M\u00fcnster (1825-1942), M\u00fcnster and Paderborn 1997.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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New centre of reconstruction<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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In the post-war period until the inauguration of the new synagogue on Klosterstra\u00dfe, the building of the Marks-Haindorf Foundation was the focal point and nucleus for the new Jewish community. Here was a prayer room, used for services and celebrations.

The married couple Else and Siegfried Goldenberg, who were instrumental in rebuilding the Jewish community in M\u00fcnster after the Holocaust, had their home in the Marks-Haindorf Foundation.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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The prayer room (1946-1961) in the Marks-Haindorf Foundation<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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On 6 January 1951,<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Paul Spiegel (among other roles, President of the Central Council of Jews, 2000-2006) celebrated his Bar Mitzvah, the first in Westphalia since the Holocaust.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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In April 1953,<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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the first circumcision took place of a member of the new Jewish community: the Brit Milah of Uriel Frankenthal.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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On 29 December 1959,<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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the first post-war marriage took place here: Ingrid Wilms and Samuel Weinstein.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Oil painting by Caspar G\u00f6rke, which shows Alexander Haindorf
and his grandchildren Agnes and Robert Loeb, 1854\n<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Prof. Dr. Alexander
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(1784\u20131862)<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Jewish enlightenment figure and reformer \u2013 doctor and educationist \u2013 art collector and patron of the arts<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Alexander Haindorf \u2013 this was the name that Hirsch Alexander (Hebrew: Zwi Nessannel) had adopted in 1808, when a law in the kingdom of Westphalia required Jews to adopt hereditary surnames \u2013 was born in Lenhausen, district of Meschede (Sauerland), on 2 May 1784.

After the death of his parents, Alexander grew up in Hamm, where the head of the Jewish community provided him with the chance of benefitting from a humanistic education. Meeting his uncle, the liberal rabbi of Hamm, Anschel Hertz (1730-1811), had a great effect on him, as did witnessing the rejection and discrimination experienced by his fellow Jews at the hands of the Christian population. Anschel Hertz enabled the young Alexander Haindorf to attend the traditional grammar school in Hamm, where Haindorf was the first Jewish pupil, and later to attend the universities of W\u00fcrzburg, Jena and Heidelberg, where Haindorf studied medicine as well as philosophy and history.

In 1810, Haindorf received his doctorate of medicine in Heidelberg. The dissertation thesis was awarded the gold medal of the Grand Duke Karl Friedrich of Baden. Haindorf became engaged to Sophie Marks, daughter of Elias Marks from Hamm.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Title page of Alexander Haindorf\u2019s habilitation thesis, \u201cVersuch einer Pathologie und Therapie der Geistes- und Gem\u00fcthskrankheiten\u201d (Attempt at a pathology and therapy of mental and emotional illnesses), published in 1811.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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In 1811 the medical habilitation took place <\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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He then began lecturing in Heidelberg, the first Jew to do so. When Haindorf was refused a position as a university professor, for reasons not only material but also religious (there was \u201cnot yet a single example of a Jew being employed as a public teacher at any university in Germany\u201d (vote cast by Professor Moser on 29 July 1812)), he left the university in 1812 and embarked on a study trip to France until 1814.

In 1815, Alexander Haindorf married his fianc\u00e9e. One year later daughter Sophie was born; his wife died one month after the birth.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Alexander Haindorf also opened a medical practice in M\u00fcnster in 1816, his patients including many noble families in the immediate vicinity.

In 1925, he founded the \u201cAssociation for the promotion of crafts among Jews and for the foundation of a school in which poor and orphaned children are to be taught and future Jewish school teachers are to be trained\u201d.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Haindorf was the first unbaptized Jew to hold the title of professor in Prussia.<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Alexander Haindorf died, respected and honored, on October 16, 1862.<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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He must have been appointed titular professor in 1831 at the latest, since the M\u00fcnster government refers to him by this title in an official letter assigning him the business of providing medical care in M\u00fcnster\u2019s prison. Haindorf was the first unbaptized Jew to hold the title of professor in Prussia.

As a doctor, private teacher and educationist, he enjoyed a prominent position and was one of the Jews whom the Christian majority society also accepted. He was a founding member of the \u201cWestphalian Arts Society\u201d (1831) and belonged to the \u201cAssociation of Friends of the Arts in the Prussian State\u201d, and the \u201cArts Society for the Rhineland and Westphalia\u201d, although Jews were generally excluded from non-Jewish societies, etc. From 1816 until his death, he assembled an exquisite collection of about 400 old German and Dutch works of art, the collection becoming an important foundation of the M\u00fcnster State Museum. Haindorf also supported numerous young artists.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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In 1859, at the age of 75, Haindorf gave up his practice, but not the running of the school.

His grave is located in the Jewish cemetery in M\u00fcnster. Here is also buried his wife Sophie, who had already died on 6 September 1816 at the age of 26, one month after the birth of their daughter Sophie.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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The grave of Sophie and Alexander Haindorf in the Jewish cemetery on Einsteinstra\u00dfe in M\u00fcnster<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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In 2011 Helga B\u00f6hme donated the library of Alexander Haindorf and the collection of Loeb B\u00f6hme to the central library of the University of M\u00fcnster (ULB).<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Recommended reading<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Susanne Freund: Alexander Haindorf. Reformer \u2013 P\u00e4dagoge \u2013 Mediziner \u2013 Kunstsammler (J\u00fcdische Miniaturen 263), Leipzig 2021.
Susanne Freund: Alexander Haindorf. Grenzg\u00e4nge zwischen j\u00fcdischer und christlicher Kultur. In: Folker Siegert (Hrsg.): Grenzg\u00e4nge. Menschen und Schicksale zwischen j\u00fcdischer, christlicher und deutscher Identit\u00e4t. Festschrift f\u00fcr Diethard Aschoff (M\u00fcnsteraner Judaistische Studien 11), M\u00fcnster 2002, 174\u2013194.
Gisela M\u00f6llenhoff: Alexander Haindorf. In: Hans Galen (Hrsg.): J\u00fcdische Portr\u00e4ts. Graphische Bildnisse prominenter Juden Mitteleuropas, Hamm 1994, 58\u201360.
Hans-Joachim Schoeps: Alexander Haindorf (1784\u20131862). In Robert Stupperich (Hrsg.): Westf\u00e4lische Lebensbilder Bd. 11, M\u00fcnster 1975, 97\u2013111.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Idea and text: Ludger Hiepel MA<\/p>

Photos and sources: 1: Wikipedia\/in the public domain \u2013 Link<\/a>;\u00a02: Dietmar Rabich\/Wikimedia Commons\u00a0<\/span> \u2013 Link<\/a>; 3:\u00a0Wikipedia\/in the public domain \u2013 Link<\/a>;\u00a04: in the public domain Link<\/a>;\u00a05: Jewish community M\u00fcnster archives; 6: LWL-Museum f\u00fcr Kunst und Kultur, Westf\u00e4lisches Landesmuseum, M\u00fcnster; 7: digital reproduction provided by the University and State Library M\u00fcnster Link<\/a>; 8:\u00a0Ludger Hiepel MA<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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The Marks-Haindorf Foundation On 28 November 1825, the Jewish doctor Alexander Haindorf founded the \u201cVerein zur Bef\u00f6rderung von Handwerken unter den Juden und zur Begr\u00fcndung einer Schulanstalt, worin arme und verwaiste Kinder unterrichten und k\u00fcnftige j\u00fcdische Schullehrer bilden sollen\u201d (Association for the promotion of crafts among Jews and for the foundation of a school in […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-11416","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.2021jimsl-spurensuche-n.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11416","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.2021jimsl-spurensuche-n.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.2021jimsl-spurensuche-n.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.2021jimsl-spurensuche-n.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.2021jimsl-spurensuche-n.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11416"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/www.2021jimsl-spurensuche-n.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11416\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11803,"href":"https:\/\/www.2021jimsl-spurensuche-n.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11416\/revisions\/11803"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.2021jimsl-spurensuche-n.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11416"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}